Situational Practical Problem-Solving (SPPS)
SPPS is a flexible, context-sensitive problem-solving framework that adapts tools and steps to each specific problem. It treats problem-solving as a non-linear journey, emphasizing iterative investigation and common-sense application rather than rigid adherence to a fixed sequence.
THE IDEA
Why Do I Call It Situational Practical Problem-Solving?
You are probably wondering why I added the word “situational.” After decades of teaching practical problem-solving, I discovered there were pieces missing in the method. I found the problem-solving process was most successful when sensitive to its context, with the ability to be flexible. I adjusted the process to accommodate these features, tested it in real-life situations, and the results were measurable improvements. Teams solved problems more accurately and quickly than before.
The word situational refers to using tools as needed for each specific problem. It is a commonsense approach. Do what makes sense. If the answer is readily apparent, then do it. If not, conduct further investigations. SPPS can be used on all problems, from simple to complex. Don’t get hung up on the tools or the problem report. What tools you use and when you use them can change from problem to problem.
I taught students whose rigid approach taught them you couldn’t conduct a formal investigation until you first defined the problem. What they missed seeing was that from the moment you first recognize a problem, you are investigating whether you have a real problem or a perceived problem. Also, you are investigating your standard to add to your problem statement and whether you’re within that standard. You are, in fact, conducting an investigation throughout all of the steps. Situational Practical Problem Solving should be thought of as a journey and not as a destination. It isn’t unusual to retrace your steps throughout the problem-solving journey.
The added word “situational” emphasizes that flexibility. Think of SPPS as a meandering river that sometimes circles around and crosses itself. The river isn’t straight going from one town (step) to the other. Remember to ask yourself “what makes sense to do at this step?”
When to use it
Diagnosing and resolving a recurring customer complaint where the root cause is not immediately obvious and requires iterative investigation.
Improving a team workflow that has multiple interconnected issues; SPPS allows adjusting focus as new insights emerge.
Deciding on a strategic business move when market conditions are uncertain and require constant reassessment.
Helping a student or employee learn a complex skill by adapting study/training methods based on ongoing performance feedback.
FROM THEORY TO EVERYDAY LIFE
In practice
Production Line Failure
A manufacturing team notices a sudden increase in defective parts. Instead of following a rigid step-by-step process, they quickly check if the issue is obvious (e.g., a damaged tool). When it's not, they gather data, consider possible causes, and test hypotheses. They revisit the problem definition as new information emerges, ultimately identifying a sensor calibration drift.
Student Study Method
A student struggling with a difficult topic uses SPPS by first checking if the answer is immediately clear from lecture notes. If not, they investigate their understanding, revisit the learning objectives, and try different study techniques. They don't feel forced to 'define the problem' completely before trying solutions.
A MOMENT TO REFLECT
Put it to work.
Think of a recent problem you solved. How might SPPS have changed your approach, especially regarding when you decided you had enough information to act?
When have you encountered a situation where being rigid about 'defining the problem first' led you astray? How could flexibility have helped?
What is one specific problem you are currently facing where SPPS's 'meandering river' approach might be more effective than a linear method?
Often confused with
CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION
Source texts
- Thinking in Systems and Mental Models Think Like a Super Thinker (Dawson, Marcus P)