Nonprofit Status Bias
A 501(c)(3) designation does not establish that an organization’s claims are accurate or its work is effective. Assess its record, funding, and evidence rather than treating nonprofit status as proof of trustworthiness.
THE IDEA
You’ll often find claims that dot-org is equivalent to nonprofit status. Let’s take a moment to clear that up. It’s wrong. Some dot-orgs have nonprofit status. Some don’t. While we’re at it, let’s clear up another issue. By itself, nonprofit status is not proof that a group can be trusted.
To be designated as a nonprofit organization in the United States, a group must file paperwork with the IRS. If approved, it earns the official IRS designation as a 501(c)(3) “tax deductible” organization. When many people see 501(c)(3) status on a website, they automatically assume they’re in good hands. Bad move.
With cutbacks at the IRS and the mountain of nonprofit applications it needs to process, obtaining 501(c)(3) status is just a tad more difficult than renewing your driver’s license. In 2015 alone, the IRS reviewed 101,962 applications, nearly double the number of applications it processed in 1998. Of these, 94 percent, or 95,372, were approved. Odds we would love at Las Vegas slot machines. Hundreds of trade associations and shadowy lobby groups carry the nonprofit designation. A report by the Stanford Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society found that, in a single year, groups like the International Society of Talking Clock Collectors, which “appears to be the private collection” of a single collector held in his home; the Metempyrion Foundation, where “people with intuitive and telepathic potential will be given an opportunity to enhance their skills”; and Planet Jelly Donut, whose goal is to spread “the common belief that the core essence of the human spirit is goodness,” all received approval. It’s no exaggeration, the report concluded, that when it comes to obtaining nonprofit status, “nearly anything goes.”
When to use it
Evaluating charities before donating: Check financial reports, transparency, and mission effectiveness rather than relying solely on nonprofit status.
Assessing advocacy groups: examine their funding and evidence; 501(c)(3) status alone does not establish the accuracy of their claims.
When investing in social enterprises: Understand that nonprofit status does not guarantee ethical practices or efficient use of funds.
In academic research or grant applications: Avoid assuming that a nonprofit partner is inherently more trustworthy than a for-profit one.
FROM THEORY TO EVERYDAY LIFE
In practice
International Society of Talking Clock Collectors
This group appeared to be the private collection of a single collector held in his home, yet it received 501(c)(3) approval.
Metempyrion Foundation
A foundation claiming to enhance intuitive and telepathic skills, also approved for nonprofit status.
Planet Jelly Donut
An organization with the goal of spreading the belief that the core essence of the human spirit is goodness, which obtained nonprofit status.
A MOMENT TO REFLECT
Put it to work.
When evaluating a nonprofit organization, what other factors besides its 501(c)(3) status should you consider to assess its trustworthiness?
Why might people automatically assume that a nonprofit status indicates credibility, and how can this bias affect their donations or support?
Think of a time you trusted an organization based solely on its nonprofit designation. What could you have done differently to verify its legitimacy?
References
- Stanford Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society report — Stanford Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society
- IRS review statistics — IRS (2015)
CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION
Source texts
- Verified How to Think Straight, Get Duped Less, and Make Better Decisions about What to Believe Online (Mike Caulfield, Sam Wineburg)